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Time as a basis for a
Multidimensional Physical Universe
Martin Gottschall, PhD ©
INTRODUCTION
This article is
directed at the interested reader who may not be a trained
scientist or engineer. The UFO phenomenon has laboured for
decades under the burden that we do not understand it. It may
be many decades yet before we do, but in the meantime we can
at least take the position that such an understanding is
possible. Once we do this we can embark on the kind of study
of UFOs and their occupants which should have been done half
a century ago. Without this acceptance we seem to be
perpetually circling the issues but never coming to grips with
them.
In like manner,
we are confronted by UFO technology which is largely
incomprehensible to us, and this too has placed us into a kind
of paralysis. Consider just one mundane aspect: For half a
decade we have known that ETs have been coming to our world,
and been told by them that there is much space traffic in our
galaxy. Ours is the only green planet for at least a few light
years, and we could have long ago exploited this fact in
establishing trade based on our incredibly diverse ecosystem.
Instead, we have been huddling in denial and certain aliens
seem to be just coming and taking whatever they want, leaving
us to clean up the mess they leave behind. Is it not high time
we acted more assertively and recognised the cosmic value of
our ecosystem?
The longer we
wrestle with the inexplicable aspects of the UFO phenomenon,
the more we realise that in order to make progress we need
intellectual tools not presently part of the human world view,
be it scientific, philosophical or religious. We propose here
that an extended understanding of the nature of time will go
at least part of the mental distance we have to travel in
order to attain a workable understanding of the UFO
phenomenon. Such a viewpoint is developed here.
SCIENCE AND THE
NATURE OF TIME
For almost a
century there has lain just below the surface of accepted
physical ideas, a view on the nature of time which points to
the possible existence of a few, or perhaps many, distinct
layers of physical reality capable of existing in the same
space. Some of these possibilities will be explored in this
article.
In 1905 Albert
Einstein proposed a Theory of Special Relativity. In it he
extended discoveries which had already been made about
electromagnetism to the physical universe in general. That all
of physical matter should behave just like electric charges
strongly suggests that all matter may be essentially
electromagnetic. Scientists were not willing to accept such a
proposition then, and due largely to the present state of
subatomic physics, are not willing to do so at this time
either.
During the
remainder of his life, Einstein and others strove to bring
electromagnetic and the “mechanical” physics under one
umbrella by devising a unified theory. This has not yet been
done, but is now more important than ever, since we need to be
able to manipulate gravity, time and space, to develop better
means of space travel.
Scientific
discovery is like following a pathway with sharp changes in
direction. The process which served Einstein and his
colleagues so well in developing and validating the Special
and General Theories of Relativity failed them repeatedly when
they pursued a unified theory. The possible lesson in this
experience is that to make the next necessary discovery
requires a radical change of direction. It is still the same
path, and there is no gap in it, but it takes a new direction,
and to follow it we need new ideas or concepts. The notion of
multiple dimensions determined by time might just be or point
to the new ideas we are presently lacking.
SPECIAL
RELATIVITY
The new element
which this theory brought to science was that when we observe
an object which we perceive to be moving, the measurements we
can make of that object will vary according to the observed
speed of that object. Thus, the moving object is more massive
than the same object observed at rest, its rate of activity is
slowed and all its measurements in the direction of motion are
shortened. These changes apply regardless of the direction in
which the object is moving, and if we change our own speed and
then repeat our measurements, the exact same equations
describe our new observations. Since only relative speed
seemed to matter, these theories were called “relativity”
theories.
The changes in
our measurements of mass, the rate of time and longitudinal
length are expressed most conveniently as ratios with their
values at rest. We will use capitals to designate the rest
values, and lower case letters to designate values when in
motion. In these equations m will be mass, t time, x length, v
speed and c the speed of light. A particular operation which
appears repeatedly is represented here by the letter “b”:
b = square root
( 1 - v.v / (c.c) )
and the various
equations then become:
M/m = b x/X = b
T/t = b
THE CIRCLE OF
SPECIAL RELATIVITY
Our purpose
here is not so much to explain relativity, as to draw new
inferences from it. To do this we will “transform” these
equations, which means to change the way they look but without
changing what they calculate. The transformed equations become
the equations of circles: 2 2 (M/m) + (v/c) = 1 2 2 (x/X) +
(v/c) = 1 2 2 (T/t) + (v/c) = 1
What makes the
circular representation of these equations so interesting is
that only one quarter of a circle is needed to represent what
Einstein wanted to convey, and this immediately raises
questions about the possible meaning of the other three
quarters of the same circle. One interpretation described here
yields us two arrows of time and an entirely new view of
physical reality.
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows
the quarter circle for the mass of a moving object as a
function of its speed, representing the first of the above
three equations. Similar diagrams could show the scale of
length and the rate of time as a function of speed (the other
two equations), the only difference being the labelling of the
vertical axis. This is what Einstein actually communicated to
his colleagues, except that it was not in the circle format.
It was all he needed to convey in order to describe what can
happen in our space/time. The complete circle of Figure 2
shows us things we can not observe as well as what we can
observe. What might these other things be?
Note on Figure
1 that there is a horizontal and a vertical axis. The
horizontal axis is labelled “v/c” which is the ratio: speed of
object divided by the speed of light. The presence of the
speed of light in these equations and its effect on mass,
length and time has been used to justify the notion that
nothing can exceed the speed of light. The vertical axis is
labelled “M/m” which is the ratio: mass of object at rest
divided by its mass in motion.
Each point on
the arc of Figure 1 represents a combination of m and v,
allowing us to read off one of these ratios when we have
chosen a particular value for the other. Point “A” represents
a body at rest, point “B” a body at the speed of light which
can only be a photon or ray of light, and point “C” a body in
motion, such as electrons in a TV picture tube. Every possible
state of motion and mass that is observable to us, is
represented by this arc.
Figure 2
To find meaning
for the circle of Figure 2 we have to assign meaning to the
left half of the horizontal axis and the bottom half of the
vertical axis. These half axes are in some sense the opposite
of their other halves, because that is their mathematical
meaning. The left horizontal axis is designated -v/c and the
lower vertical axis is -M/m. A negative number is the exact
opposite of a positive number.
The vertical
axis is the easier to interpret. The ratio M/m contains the
concepts of energy and matter. A mass M is set in motion by
imparting energy to it. Its mass m comprises the original mass
M and the mass of all the energy subsequently imparted to it
in order to cause its motion. Antimatter has already been
discovered. It was not known when Special Relativity was first
proposed. We can regard the lower vertical axis as the
energy/antimatter axis while the upper axis is the
energy/matter axis. This is an acceptable choice in that
antimatter is the exact opposite to matter in all respects
where polarity applies.
REVERSE TIME
We now turn to
the horizontal axis, which we can call the space/time axis
since speed is defined in terms of space (distance) and time.
Our experience of time gives time a direction from past to
future. No such polarity seems to be available from our
experience of space. We can therefore postulate that the left
part of the space/time axis be the space/reverse time axis
where the arrow of time is opposite to the one we experience.
This
interpretation of the horizontal axis suggests that matter,
antimatter and energy can exist at any designated place in
forward time as well as in backward time. However since an
object in forward time can not be in the same place at the
same time as another object in backward time, these two
objects can not collide or interact with each other. A
separation in time is in a sense equivalent to a separation in
space. We summarise this by saying that to an observer in one
time stream objects in the other time stream are invisible,
and indeed the entire universe in that time stream is
invisible. This rule is set aside briefly if an object in
forward time is passing through the same (or corresponding)
moment in time as another object in reverse time.
There is no
reason for thinking that while our time-stream is filled with
a universe of stars and galaxies, the other one is empty.
Indeed one can propose a cosmology of a similar universe in
the reverse time-stream, and the two together comprising a
greater universe. Certainly, this greater universe would have
a very different cosmology to the half of it which we know,
but we will not pursue this matter here.
By way of
explanation, reverse time is to be understood as a time-stream
which is in all respects like the one which we experience. In
reverse time everything is “normal” in that hot objects cool
down, and all events evolve from past to future, obeying the
same laws that they obey in our time-stream. However, if we
could observe the reverse time-stream from ours, things would
seem to be happening backwards, like playing a movie film
backwards, and at twice the rate of our time.
If an
individual were to enter reverse time today, and experience
one day of reverse time and then return to our time, he would
return one day before he had departed. This event would be
experienced by us as follows: A day before the planned
departure, this individual would appear from reverse time and
coexist with himself for one day. The returning individual
would be one day older and would have the experience of one
day in reverse time. After one day, the younger of the two
would disappear into reverse time, and the older individual
would remain in our time. He would be two days older than if
he had not made the journey into reverse time. In some science
fiction it is speculated that should an object and the same
object from another time come together, some drastic event
would take place. No such difficulty is anticipated here.
REVERSE ENERGY
Note how each
axis contains two “dimensions” or qualities, one of which
stays the same while the other can reverse. Something similar
is also apparent with the circle of Figure 2. Figure 3 is
another rendering of Figure 2 in which we try to display the
proportions of energy and matter at each place on the circle.
Note how energy predominates at the left and right sides of
the circle, while matter and antimatter predominate at the
upper and lower portions. This information is contained in the
circle equations and can be read by anyone familiar with them
and the energy/matter equation E=m.c.c which is so frequently
displayed.
Figure 3
Consider point
B in Figure 3. Just above it we have a little bit of matter
and a lot of energy. At B it is all energy, and just below B
antimatter starts to appear. The component which is reversing
fades away, is completely gone and then its opposite fades in.
Although the axes reverse abruptly, the actual transition as
displayed by the circle is progressive, and this is built into
the relevant equations.
To understand
what happens at point B a little better, we note that a ray of
light or photon, which is regarded as pure energy is neither
matter nor antimatter, since it possesses its own unique
properties, but somehow contains both kinds of matter. When a
photon of sufficient energy passes close by the nucleus of a
heavy atom like lead or uranium, it changes into an electron
and an antielectron or positron. This illustrates the
principle that matter and antimatter tend to be created
together.
For our present
purpose, as we go downwards through B the proportion of matter
gets less until it eventually disappears altogether at B. At B
both matter and antimatter are potential in pure energy or
photons. Below B the proportion of antimatter increases
staring from zero at B. The situation at B is a kind of
balance of the two types of matter, but neither is present.
Now consider
point A of Figure 3. At this point we have all matter and zero
energy. To the right of A we have a small amount of energy
compared to a lot of matter, and to the left an opposite kind
of energy increases as we move leftwards. Here too we see a
gradual transition. By analogy with the process at B which we
understand better because we know about antimatter, we infer
that the energy on the left half of the circle is the “anti”
of the energy on the right half of the circle and is
responsible for the reversal of the arrow of time.
The notion that
pure energy can have its anti equivalent is foreign to our
present state of science. Since it is in the other time-stream
we can not observe it directly, so the present situation is
hardly surprising. It is significant in this respect that our
understanding of photons is still virtually zero. We know what
photons do in great detail and to great precision. What we do
not know is why they behave as they do, and how they might
reverse some polarities that govern the arrow of time. That
the arrow of time should be associated with energy, as our
circle seems to suggest is wholly logical. Activity or time is
only possible when there is energy present. Without energy
nothing can change and no clock can tick.
The notion of
particles existing that have zero energy is very foreign to
science as we know it, and indeed we do not have to be that
severe in our interpretation of A. By analogy with B where
matter and antimatter exist in a kind of balance, we can
postulate that at A the amounts of energy and anti-energy are
exactly equal. Thus the influences driving time in each
direction are equally powerful and result in a kind of
deadlock which stops time at A.
Light, which is
regarded as pure energy is electromagnetic, since all the
energy present is either electric or magnetic. When electric
current flows along a wire it creates a magnetic field which
is viewed as circular lines of force which wrap around the
wire as shown in Figure 4(a). Note that for positive current
moving away from the observer, the lines of magnetic force are
clockwise. The opposite or anticlockwise circles of force for
positive charge moving away from the observer would be a
reversal of the magnetic effect. This is the way in which an
anti-photon might differ from a “normal” photon.
THE CIRCLES FOR
TIME AND DISTANCE
So far we have
considered only the circle of energy/matter versus space/time. The
other two equations allow us to draw the circles of space versus
space/time and of time versus space/time. It could be argued that
these circles are already contained in the first circle so
that they are just telling us the same thing in different
ways. Notice that x/X and T/t are inverse to each other. This
tells us that for a moving object, the shortening of distances
and the slowing of clocks that we see from a “stationary”
perspective cancel each other so that an observer on the
moving object measures the same speeds when he observes us as
we do observing him.
It is of
particular interest to us that the circle of time versus
space/time would show that at the point B on that circle, time
has stopped. As one approaches B time slows until it has
completely stopped at B and then the rate of time increases
again in the same direction as before. Thus we have the
strange paradox that if a photon could carry any kind of
clock, this clock would show the time of creation of that
photon even after billions of years. The important notion here
is that time stops for a ray of light and can be slowed for
all objects.
THE ENERGY
QUANTUM
Another
discovery which was made at about the same time as Special
Relativity, is that energy is given and received in well
defined lumps or quanta. The atomic nature of matter had
already been discovered. Now it was found that energy had a
peculiar kind of atomicity as well, something totally
unexpected. This atomicity imposed certain regularities upon
the structure of atomic nuclei and the electrons surrounding
them, without which they could not continue to exist.
For example, in
all atoms negatively charged electrons orbit a positively
charged nucleus in a manner similar to planets orbiting suns,
only much faster. Under such conditions, the electron would
radiate electromagnetic energy at an ever increasing rate
until it collided with the nucleus. However, this does not
happen. Certain orbits cannot radiate, and the atom’s
existence is thus assured. We can postulate that at these
points the amounts of energy and anti-energy associated with
those electrons are equal, and time stops.
We can go
further and postulate that in all particles which have an
unlimited time of existence, the energies and anti-energies
that comprise them are in balance and its internal time is
stopped like that of a photon. This is not at all a trivial
matter. As scientists studied the makeup of atoms and the
particles of which atoms are made, they repeatedly encountered
enormous problems. Take an electron for example. The electric
charge of this particle is confined to a very small space and
tends to explode outwards under the action of its own electric
field. What holds it together? What we propose here is a
generalised principle which explains the stability of not only
electrons but all the myriad particles known, in terms of a
balance of energy and anti-energy.
TIME
FREQUENCIES
By way of
attempting to explain reverse time in a different but
equivalent way, we here postulate that all energy possesses
some kind of “frequency” which determines the rate of time.
There may exist a number of such frequencies, giving us
specific rates of time. The frequency that defines our rate of
time defines the universe which we can experience. The same
frequency but opposite “phase” defines a reverse arrow of time
which is represented by the left half of the circles of
Figures 2 and 3.
Other circles
could define universes or levels of reality having different
rates of time, each with its antiphase or reverse time
counterpart. This concept reveals to us the possible existence
of many realities or levels of existence which coexist in the
same space but are differentiated or separated from each other
by differences in the rate of time. For two things to
interact, they have to be in the same place at the same time.
When the times are different even though the place is the
same, no interaction is possible, as we well know from direct
experience. The equation which defines a particular universe
of frequency “f” would then take the form:
2 (f.M/m) + (f.v/c)
= f
The circles for
the frequencies f1, f2 etc would be as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 4
Figure 5
One of these
circles, possibly the innermost one might represent our
universe, and the other circles, universes of higher
“frequency”. Just as an electron can assume only certain
orbits around an atomic nucleus, so there are probably only
certain allowed frequencies to Figure 5. The rules which
determine these allowed frequencies may well be what
determines the quantum nature of our universe.
We need to be
open to the possibility that matter at these other frequencies
might be different from matter in our universe. By that is
meant that at least some of the fundamental particles of
matter, and the way they combine to build atoms or whatever
might exist at these frequencies, could be different.
Esoteric
sources of information make reference to other “frequencies”
or realms of existence. Science so far has ignored such
information by assuming that it could not be factual. That,
however, may be merely an indication of the conceit of
scientists, since their own theories and equations can be
written in a multi frequency format. When dealing with
visitors to our world, we might be dealing with some who have
come from other places in what we know as the universe, but
they might also be from reverse time or from other
frequencies. Furthermore, even if they come from a place we
can name, they might make their journey here via reverse time
and other frequencies.
SOME COMMENTS
ON ENERGY
The notion that
energy can have its anti counterpart and that energy
determines the direction and rate of time, and in fact is the
cause of all action or change, represents a fundamental shift
in scientific thinking. The current views on time and energy
are much simpler. According to this view, we are all
proceeding at the same rate of time, and we are all at the
same point on the time-line. We experience distant objects as
they were in our past because of the finite speed of energy
(light). In the current view, energy may manifest in many ways
like heat, magnetism etc. but it is always the same thing -
energy.
Our new view
differs from this current view. Firstly, not all objects are
at the same place on the time-line. They can be at different
points, proceeding at different rates, and move one way or the
other. This new view gives us numerous realities or dimensions
or universes in time. Existence is now far more complex than
with the current view. Furthermore, all stable particles of
matter exist at the zero point of time - point A of the circle
where time stands still - and the behaviour of these particles
is governed by the energy “atmosphere” surrounding them, which
determines the direction and rate of time, as well as the zero
point.
Interestingly,
in esoteric teaching the perspectives on time and energy are
also different from the current scientific one. The Great
Masters state that they know the outcome of a course of action
at the time that it is initiated - in short that they can be
at any two points on the time-line. They also state that they
influence or control events by projecting “light rays”.
In “new age”
parlance there is constant reference to this or that kind of
“energy”. In technology we tend to handle energy in large
lumps, but there has been a constant movement towards
subdivision. For example, in computers ever smaller amounts of
energy are shared amongst ever increasing numbers of circuits
- meaning that the lumps of energy are getting smaller. There
is now talk of “quantum computers”, which means that these
computers will work with the smallest lumps of energy which
Nature allows us to use. Living things tend to work at the
quantum level naturally, and this is one way they differ from
our technology. There is also ample evidence that living
things are not restricted to the type of energy we use in our
technology, but display evidence for other kinds of energy as
well.
One aspect of
the notion that there are kinds of energy that create
different dimensions of existence relates to UFO’s. Right from
the 1950’s when contactees asked ET’s about the measures they
took to prevent their advanced technology from falling into
dangerous human hands, the ET’s stated that humans had
captured UFO’s but found that they could not fly them. The
reason given was that the craft were powered by the pilot’s
mind power. Although the ET’s did not say it, it stands to
reason given the notions on energy presented here, that this
power was a different kind of energy than that which drives
our machines. These other energies are probably needed to
manipulate space, time and gravity in the way that UFO’s do.
It is relevant in this context, that UFO literature also
contains reference to spacecraft which are more like plants
than machines. This may also be related to the need for
handling other energies - something living things seem able to
do.
The subdivision
of energy is one kind of refinement which we are witnessing in
our technology. The recognition and utilization of the
different kinds or classes of energy that determine the
direction and rate of time is something still before us, and
this is the perspective which this article promotes.
APPLICATIONS
We have noted
that relative motion changes the apparent rate of time of a
moving body, as postulated by the theory of Special
Relativity. We might wonder if changes in the apparent rate of
time might be achieved in other ways. Persistent reports of
the so-called Philadelphia Experiment suggest that time shifts
of the order of at least microseconds were indeed achieved,
making the object so affected invisible. From the information
available, this was done by means of precisely controlled
electric and magnetic vibrations, although no specific details
are available in the public domain.
In terms of the
ideas presented here, an event like the Philadelphia
experiment would require the object of interest to be moved
forward in time relative to the rest of the planet. This would
require an influence that tends to increase the local time
frequency. We need a relatively small effect so that when
exerted for perhaps a few minutes a time shift of a
microsecond is achieved. To return to our time again we need
to place the object into the conditions at point A of Figure
2, for that microsecond, or produce an influence which tends
to reduce the time frequency of the object long enough to
restore time synchronicity. This kind of time shift may have a
tendency to disappear naturally.
The mere fact
that Figure 2 is a complete circle where the two directions of
time are joined without a break or gap suggests that the one
state can flow into the other, once we discover how to make it
happen.
UFO occupants
have on occasion been described as giving their place of
origin as not "visible" from Earth, and of engaging in
extensive studies of apparently "empty" space. Admitting that
space is not really empty, but just very tenuous, one still
wonders why ETs seem to find it so important to study space in
particular places. Once it is realised that particular places
can be occupied by numerous realities in different times, this
preoccupation of ETs makes a lot more sense. If we also
entertain the possibility that one time reality might have
subtle links with another across which at least information
can cross, our ideas on "evolution" become very different.
1. Minkowski's
Space/time
One of the
inventions associated with the Theory of Relativity is
Minkowski's four dimensional space-time which combines the
three directions of space and the arrow of time. With this
device it is easy to define which things are with us in time
or simultaneous with our experience. In particular, distant
objects are observed by us as they were some time ago,
sometimes very long ago, if far away. In particular, this
device allows us to talk about making things invisible to an
observer by shifting them outside his range of simultaneity.
This appears to be what the Philadelphia Experiment achieved.
Figure 6.
Using the Minkowski diagram to establish visibility and
non-visibility.
Figure 6 is a
simplified version of Minkovsky's diagram showing time-lines
for observers E, F and G separated in space by the distance
between these lines. The points E, F, G and F2 show the
observes at the present moment in time. This condition is
expressed by the arrowhead at these points. Points on the
time-line to the left of the arrowhead are "past" and those to
the right are "future". E sees F as she was at the point F1
and F sees E as he was at E1. F1 and E1 are moments in the
past because light takes time to travel the distance between
the observers. If, instead of being at F observer F could be
at F2, time-shifted from F into the past, E would not be able
to see F at all, but F would see E as at E2. However, G, being
further away would see time shifted F as at F2 and E as at E2
A central
aspect of Minskowski space-time is that for observers in
different places, different "times" are simultaneous or
observable - again a kind of relativity. Thus, if we could
take a nearby space and move all objects in it into our past
by even a small fraction of a second, they would disappear to
our observation, but would be visible to an observer further
away.
2. Time Shifts
The author once
watched a Philipino healer working on a man. The healer's
hand seemed to create a greyish darkness about six inches in
diameter, in which the healer's hand disappeared into the
patient's body. Sounds emanated as though he was manipulating
the man's internal organs and he eventually withdrew his hand
with a spherical object about an inch in size. No incision was
made and the "hole" was closed by massaging the skin after the
hand was withdrawn. Here it would seem that part of the
patient's tissue was put into a slight time shift in order to
gain access to his internal organs without surgery.
Something
similar seems to happen when abducting aliens enter a dwelling
through walls or ceilings, or take themselves and abductees
out in a similar manner. The time shift is probably very small
and yet it has numerous important uses, from surgery to mining
and to entering into or sensing environments like the core of
a planet or a sun.
An interesting
aspect in both the work of healers described above, and the
procedures reported by abductees, is that in penetrating the
body the usual precautions against infection seem not to be
taken. In the case of the healer, infectious agents are
shifted in time with the associated body tissue. They do not
find open access to the interior of the patient's body, and
hence can not enter it. Similar considerations might apply to
procedures performed on abductees.
3. Slowing Time
A more radical
operation is to reverse the arrow of time, by means of which
one can travel to the past. However before we do this, we can
slow or stop time at point A of the circle. We have noted that
it is a polar aspect of energy which seems to determine the
direction of time. If the two polarities of energy were
charged with equal density in a chosen space, time would stop
in that space, creating something equivalent to suspended
animation. By stopping time cyclically between periods of
forward time, we can achieve an average of a slowing of time.
Suppose for
example that an object in space was set in motion at a certain
speed, say 10 m/s. If we now created a field about this object
such as to halve the rate of time, it would seem to an
observer within this field to be moving at 20 m/s. To an
observer outside this field of influence, the object would
cease to be visible. This change in apparent speed would be
achieved without the action of an external force. The
disappearing manoeuvre is one which UFOs have been reported to
perform.
4. Using
Reverse Time for Propulsion
In physics
there is a principle known as the conservation of momentum
according to which, when no external forces act on a body, its
total momentum must stay the same. Momentum is calculated by
multiplying the mass of the body under consideration by its
velocity. Since velocity has direction, momentum also has
direction which is that of the object's velocity. When we
consider a system of many objects, the total momentum of that
system is obtained by the vector addition of the momenta of
all the individual objects comprising it. Vector addition can
be illustrated by the following example: If you walk 14 paces
North then 14 paces East, you will be 20 paces NE of your
starting point. The numbers add up to 28 but because direction
matters in this case, the actual effect is a distance of 20
meters and a NE location.
If a moving
object were put into reverse time it would disappear from
sight. However, if we could see it, it would be moving exactly
reverse to its motion prior to the time reversal. This is
required by the principle of conservation of momentum. This
effect can be utilised for propulsion.
Figure 7(a)
shows an object of mass 10kg moving to the right at a speed of
10 m/s. Figure 7(b) shows the same object where a portion of
it comprising 4kg has been put into reverse time. We assume
for the purpose of this exercise that the object is very
strong, and it remains in one piece. The law of conservation
of momentum now requires that the whole assembly be moving to
the right at a speed of 50m/s. If 6kg of the object were in
reverse time, it would be seen to move to the left at 50m/s.
Merely by changing the proportion of the object in reverse
time, we can change its speed in either direction.
Figure 7. A
moving object (a) displays a new velocity
when part of it is in reverse time (b)
The concept
that reverse time gives us a way to change speed inertially
(meaning without the action of external forces) can be
exploited even better by means of the spinning wheel. Figure 8
shows a spinning wheel which has a massive rim. A device, A
can place a sector of the rim into reverse time. Note that the
part of the rim which enters the device goes into reverse
time, and when it later emerges, it enters forward time again.
By this means, a part of the rim going in a particular
direction is kept in reverse time.
Figure 8. The
process of Figure 6 applied to a spinning wheel allows changes
in speed in any direction in the plane of the wheel.
By moving the
time reversing device A into different positions around the
rim, the changes in speed can be given different directions in
the plane of rotation of the rim. By changing the amount of
rim in reverse time, the speed can be changed as for Figure 7.
It is a matter
of record that the manoeuvres reported of UFOs are highly
suggestive of inertial motion, meaning that external forces
seem not to be involved. It is also a matter of record that in
numerous close up descriptions of UFOs a rotating rim or
cupola is reported. In the Villas Boas case for example, the
witness observed a hemispherical cupola on top of the craft
which was spun up to a high speed before the UFO shot away
into the sky. These details conform very closely to the kind
of action expected of the device of Figure 8.
5. Compressing
Space
Although we
have not explored the circle for distance here, it follows
that if there are field procedures for changing the rate of
time, there will also be equivalent ones for changing the unit
of length or distance. In our previous example where speed was
changed by slowing time, we might compress space in the
direction of motion instead. The object would still be moving
at 10 m/s but since it is now traversing a compressed space,
the apparent speed as seen by an outside observer will be
greater, although an observer with the object would notice no
change. High speeds and rapid accelerations are very
characteristic of UFOs. They might move at supersonic speeds
and yet not produce the noisy shock wave we expect. If the
atmosphere around the object is also in compressed space then
no supersonic shocks would be expected.
6. Exploiting
Inertia
UFO occupants
have on more than one occasion said to contactees that a major
difference between their and human technology was that while
we pit ourselves against the laws of nature such as gravity or
inertia, they use these laws. In the context of the above
examples for changing speed this is indeed apparent. They
actually use the principle of conservation of momentum to make
those speed changes happen. In the physics taught in our
schools and universities, we are told that in the absence of
external forces or fields, motion continues without change.
Such motion is called "inertial motion". These ideas were
first proposed by Isaac Newton, and are still current today.
The current
scientific ideas on inertial motion, and what it takes to
change motion are what makes the behaviour of UFOs so
inexplicable to us, and they are also the reason why our
scientists think that interstellar travel is just too hard,
too slow and too expensive. Although the clues to a "variable"
unit of distance and time are part of Special Relativity, the
idea that there might exist electromagnetic fields or
procedures which can change these units independent of
external influences has not been accepted by our scientists so
far.
A special case
of Figure 7 is when half of the mass of an object is in each
time direction. In this case any finite momentum would require
an infinite speed for the assembly. Conversely, it would now
have no inertia, and the slightest external force could impart
an inordinately high velocity. This object would not
experience a nett gravitational force either. This notion, so
vital to easy space travel clearly needs to be explored in
detail, as do various other topics raised in this article,
which must be deferred to another time.
While the theme
of this article is to explore time, and to begin to understand
how the dimension of time makes numerous "realities" or
"universes" possible, time and distance are interlinked and
need to be explored together. However an expanded view of time
which opens our minds to the possibility of hitherto unknown
worlds is perhaps most urgent at this "time" and hence the
emphasis of this article.
7. The Nature
of Dark Matter
Astronomers
studying the dynamics of galaxies, which are collections of
millions or billions of solar systems, have found that the
visible matter in them is a tenth or less than the amount of
matter needed to explain their continued existence. That is to
say, the amount of gravity present is ten or more times that
due to the matter which is visible as stars, hence "dark
matter".
The notion of
time presented here suggests a "universe" that has far more in
it than the universe which we observe, and even though much of
this matter is outside our time, our timestream is
simultaneous with at least a portion of the matter in other
timestreams, meaning that the galaxies we see and study are
not only under the influence of suns we can see, but others
which we can not see because their passage through
simultaneity with us is fleeting.
This can
explain part or even all the "missing" or dark matter in the
universe.
8. Fundamental
Particles
Another
indication of the immense power of a more developed
understanding of time is connected with fundamental particles.
Electrons, protons and the numerous other particles that have
been discovered in recent decades have revealed new patterns
not otherwise known, but they have also, like photons stayed
as mysterious as ever. Perhaps all particles and photons
possess both arrows of time (which means no arrow at all)
insofar as their internal structure is concerned, and it is
only in their external activity that an arrow of time is
apparent. There are numerous indications in UFO literature
that ETs use nuclear energy in ways that seem ridiculously
simple and at the same time incomprehensible to us. There
might be ways of triggering the time arrow in fundamental
particles which causes them to convert to energy.
9. Zero Point
Energy
In recent
decades there has been much speculation about "zero point
energy". This relates to an aspect of the quantum phenomenon
known as "uncertainty". According to this notion, energy and
matter can appear in otherwise empty space for a brief moment
provided the lack of energy or matter can also appear, so that
the two average out to zero over time. The interest here is in
finding some way to extract energy permanently. Now a lack of
energy can be seen as equivalent to energy in reverse time.
With this in
mind we can extend quantum uncertainty. If we pump equal
amounts of energy into both directions of time, we do not have
to expend energy to do this, and so far as just one arrow of
time is concerned, we have "created" energy. This notion also
has great cosmological implications. If we have the "big bang"
in both arrows of time at the same moment, each of the two big
bangs is the creator of the other, and owes its existence to
the existence of the other.
10. Circles in
Monuments and Symbology
Perhaps it is
no accident that an ancient symbol for the universe is a
circle, and that there exist ancient monuments comprising
several circles in the manner of Figure 4. Neither perhaps is
it coincidental that "crop circles" for all their variety have
the circle as one of their fundamental features.
Daniel Fry, in
his 1950's account of ET contact, quoted this individual as
speaking of a "circle of natural law" whose radius was the
speed of light, which made possible a more advanced
understanding of nature, and seems to correspond closely to
Figure 2.
The kind of
inertial motion displayed by UFOs, the clues in ET
communications, the hints inbuilt into numerous ancient
monuments, and finally the circle version of the equations of
Special Relativity, all point to the same thing: There is
something vitally important here for us to discover, and
eventually use for the benefit of all
SOME COMMENTS
ON TIME
The
conventionally accepted notion of time may be likened to a one
way highway on which all traffic is bunched in one place and
moving together. The rest of the highway is completely empty.
It is an exceedingly simple notion.
The notion of
reverse time has added another lane where traffic goes in the
opposite direction. This notion is further developed by
allowing vehicles to be at many points on each lane. However,
the speed of all vehicles is still the same, except for small
temporary deviations. The recognition of multiple rates of
time yields a number of these two lane highways, each with its
own speed but differing from the others. Whether there are a
few, many or an infinity of such highways we can not say at
this time.
Clearly, the
notion of time presented here is much more complex than the
single one-way lane of conventional thinking. Likewise the
"universe" associated with the latter notion of time is
correspondingly bigger and more complex. Indeed every occupied
point on this model represents the equivalent of what we
presently call "the universe".
THE BURDEN OF
"PROOF"
There is a
mental fashion popularised by Carl Sagan amongst others, that
the more revolutionary a proposal is, the stronger the proof
for it has to be. This rule is frequently applied in a way
that assume a factual basis for an accepted position which is
really just an opinion or belief, but demands not only a much
greater strength of proof for any proposed alternative, but on
preconceived terms as well. In effect, this attitude says that
an error which is widely held is somehow more acceptable than
one which is not. The rational and scientific position should
be that we acknowledge that we are likely to be in error
anyway, and try always to minimise that error.
In science, and
perhaps in life generally, facts tend to remain facts for
ever, and our understanding of them tends to change forever.
To be sure, we can be more confident about some facts than
others. Compare for example the fact that objects tend to fall
to the ground and the fact that people have seen UFOs.
Likewise, we can be more confident regarding one
interpretation of the meaning of a certain body of facts, than
another interpretation. For example Newton proposed that light
was a stream of particles and much later Huyghens proposed
that light was a wave motion. Today scientists regard light as
being both. Surely, no one imagines that this will be the last
word on the subject, but at each point in history, the
proponents of each view were very confident about it.
The "burden of
proof" rule described above is not the best way to do science
or any other kind of study for that matter. It is time it was
replaced by more honest and more transparent rules.
SUMMARY
In this article
we have developed a more sophisticated view of time based as
much as possible on scientific discoveries, and also esoteric
ideas which describe other realities in terms of "frequency";
which we regard as meaning different rates of time. It is
apparent even from this brief discussion, that the application
of these ideas, if real, would go a long way to explaining the
UFO phenomenon, and would take us much closer to understanding
UFO technology.
This concept of
time is much more like that of space. The presently accepted
view gives us only one place on the timeline which is "now".
Everything in the past is gone and all future moments have not
happened yet. Our concept is that we can occupy many points on
the timeline simultaneously, and there are more timelines than
just the one which we know. This makes the universe far bigger
(in terms of the amount and kind of matter in it), and far
more complex than we have so far imagined.
Some of the
possibilities of this view of time have been explored briefly
here, and this gives us an inkling of what might await us in
the future. Anyone who has imagined that we have already
discovered almost everything will have to think again, because
it is obvious that we are not even in Kindergarten yet.
It will take
some time to test these ideas experimentally, and more to find
ways to apply them, but one thing which they demonstrate right
now is that the concepts which we need, to make sense of the
UFO phenomenon, are not likely to be so far beyond our
comprehension that progress is impossible. Therefore it
becomes us to begin to really tackle the questions and issues
which it presents, and to stop procrastinating by being
sceptical about what should by now be accepted as fact.
CONCLUSION
There exist
today many facts which science acknowledges but can not as yet
explain, and others which science ignores and makes no genuine
attempt to explain, as for example the facts associated with
the UFO phenomenon and supernormal behaviour of living things.
An expanded notion of time developed from the "circle of
relativity" has given us a glimpse of how some of the facts
presently incomprehensible to us might be understood and
eventually applied.
It has also
given us a glimpse into what may be the philosophy, science
and religion of the future, in which we will have an
understanding of new things that will reshape our thinking and
lifestyles. When all this has happened, it will just be
another spiral on the path to perfection, with God knows how
many others to follow.
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